TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL MEDICINE - Georgian Medical Journal

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial disease in which bacterial biofilm and the immune response play crucial roles in its manifestation across various stages and grades. Non-surgical treatment remains the gold standard for managing periodontitis and can be performed with or without adjunctive methods. The use of oxygen as an adjunctive periodontal therapy is a very promising topic, and numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate its effectiveness.

Aim: To identify and critically discuss articles related to non-surgical periodontal treatment and adjunctive oxygen therapies.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The search included articles published in English from January 1960 to January 2026, using the keywords ‘periodontal treatment’, 'periodontitis', 'residual pockets' and 'adjunctive oxygen therapy’. The included studies varied in design, encompassing in-vitro and in vivo, prospective and retrospective studies, cohort studies, randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.

Results:  A variety of studies were reviewed to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive oxygen therapy in periodontal treatment. Oxygenation of tissues can be achieved by oxygen-based adjunct therapies in patients with periodontitis, including ozone therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and local oxygen delivery, as adjuncts to subgingival instrumentation.

Conclusions: The current body of literature encompasses various aspects of oxygen’s impact on biological tissues, as well as the application and efficacy of adjunctive oxygen therapy in the field of periodontology. More randomized controlled trials are needed to identify the most effective adjunctive oxygen treatment method for subgingival instrumentation, in order to control periodontal disease and reduce the need for surgical re-treatment.

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