Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and diabetes mellitus

Mariam Balakahzde, Elene Giorgadze, Marina Lomidze

Abstract


Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an immune-mediated disease, which results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. Glutamic acid decarboxylase of 65 kDa (GAD65) is one of the major autoantigens for type 1 diabetes mellitus. The predictive sensibility of GAD antibodies for type 1 diabetes mellitus in general population is approximately 50%.
Method: The phrases "Diabetes Mellitus" and "anti-GAD antibody ", were searched for in PubMed in Jun 2016. The results were narrowed to 12 citations after excluding non-English and duplicate reports. Clinical descriptions and outcomes were categorized and analyzed.
Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an immune-mediated disease, which results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. Different studies revealed, that detection of GAD antibodies before clinical onset of diabetes provides evidence that these antibodies can be used as diagnostic and predictive tool for type 1 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults.


Keywords


Diabetes melitus, Type 1 diabetes, Glutamic acid decarboxylase, Autoantibodies

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References


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