Multiparametric-Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men. Early detection of prostate cancer impacts survival outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)- as a radiation-free diagnostic exam, is a valuable tool in radiology for detection and precise staging of clinically significant cancer- in men suspicious for prostate cancer(Pc). Background: there are several imaging tests of choice for Pc diagnosis, with certain advantages and disadvantages; The evolution of imaging techniques has created a new role for radiology tests. Multiparametric MRI approach proceeds to become widely used tool in preoperative prostate cancer evaluation, especially after the establishment of Prostate imaging-reporting and data system (pi rads) with fixed criteria, involving risk stratification for the presence or absence of clinically significant Pc. Objectives: This paper reviews major aspects of multiparametric MRI sequences for prostate cancer diagnosis in the existing literature. It describes the role of each advanced technique in MRI to define prostate cancer grade. Methods: a search for articles on prostate cancer multiparametric MRI was performed using the PubMed electronic database and 24 studies were included. Results: All the included articles showed that Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers an increasingly reliable representation of significant Pc and thus has shown advantages as a means by which to assess the grade of tumor, define stage noninvasively and select patients for biopsy and facilitate direct targeting of lesions during the biopsy. Conclusion: This review highlights the potential of mpMRI in prostate cancer diagnosis in clinical practice, discusses data from existing literature, with a specific interpretation of MR sequences such as T2 weighted imaging, Diffusion-weighted imaging, Apparent diffusion coefficient, Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and MR spectroscopy.