Efficacy of selenium nanoparticles 10% suspension on the kidney of diabetic rats.

Salome Khubulava, Nodar Khodeli, Ia Khakhutaishvili, Mikheil Jangavadze, Liza Chichua, Giorgi Phichkhaia

Abstract


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent non-communicable disease with profound impacts on health and productivity globally. With the majority of diabetic patients facing debilitating complications, urgent measures are warranted, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the disease burden is high. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue in medicine, with selenium nanoparticles garnering attention for their potential therapeutic applications. Selenium, an essential micronutrient, exhibits significant antioxidant properties and plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. Notably, selenium deficiency exacerbates oxidative stress, a hallmark of diabetes, further compromising pancreatic function and exacerbating diabetic complications. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of selenium nanoparticles in alleviating diabetic complications, particularly nephropathy, in experimental rat models of type 1 diabetes.

The research conducted at the A. Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi State University, utilized selenium nanoparticles synthesized through advanced nanomilling techniques. Experimental rats were induced with type 1 diabetes and subsequently treated with selenium nanoparticles, insulin, or a combination of both. Biochemical analyses revealed significant improvements in renal function parameters, including blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and albumin levels, following treatment with selenium nanoparticles, both alone and in combination with insulin. Morphological examinations corroborated these findings, demonstrating reduced inflammatory infiltration and preservation of renal architecture in treated groups compared to untreated diabetic rats. Notably, combined therapy with selenium nanoparticles and insulin exhibited superior efficacy in mitigating renal edema and preserving renal function compared to monotherapy with either agent.

These results underscore the potential of selenium nanoparticles as a therapeutic adjunct in the management of diabetic complications, particularly nephropathy. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of selenium nanoparticles and optimize their clinical utility in diabetic care.


Keywords


Diabetes Mellitus, Selenium Nanoparticles, Kidney

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References


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