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Email this article Diagnostic Challenges and Current Perspectives of Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Literature Review
Abstract
Introduction:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most prevalent global health concerns, causing significant medical, social, and economic burdens. Despite their high incidence, STIs remain relatively underexplored in research, highlighting the importance of early and sensitive diagnostics.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. Only English-language studies published between 2005–2025 were included, focusing on diagnostic methods for STIs in humans. International guidelines and recommendations (WHO, CDC, ECDC, NCDC) were also reviewed to ensure global standards.
Results:
Currently, nucleic acid amplification tests, particularly PCR-based assays, are regarded as the gold standard due to their high sensitivity and specificity. Studies consistently demonstrate the superiority of PCR in detecting Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Despite advances in molecular diagnostics and technological progress, effective management of STIs remains significantly constrained; the existing obstacles arise not only from technical limitations but also from social stigma, systemic deficiencies, and challenges in healthcare accessibility.
Conclusion:
Molecular diagnostics, especially PCR, represent the modern standard for STI detection and management. However, social stigma, low public awareness, and restricted healthcare access remain major barriers. In Georgia, the lack of reliable epidemiological data further complicates effective management. Comprehensive national studies and the integration of evidence-based diagnostic strategies are essential to improve STI control and public health outcomes.
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