Alveolar Socket Preservation Graft Using the Combination of BMP and Xenograft S1

Abstract

Background: Tooth loss requires replacement with an effective artificial restoration, among which dental implantation is considered the best option. However, when immediate implantation is contraindicated, wound healing is accompanied by collapse of the tooth socket, resulting in a reduction of its volume. Bone deficiency often complicates dental implant placement, necessitating quantitative bone augmentation through the use of bone substitute materials (1,2). Aim: The aim of this study is to perform preventive socket augmentation immediately after tooth extraction to preserve socket volume. In this approach, an osteoconductive mineral graft is combined with an osteoinductive agent— bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)—to achieve quantitatively and qualitatively adequate bone formation (8,11). Methods: Following tooth extraction and curettage, the socket is filled with a bone substitute material (xenogeneic bone combined with BMP) and covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. Dental implant placement is performed after 4–6 months. Ethical approval for this single-case study was obtained, and informed consent was acquired from the patient. Results: The study confirms preservation of the residual alveolar ridge volume with minimal changes (~8% reduction in buccolingual width and ~10% in vertical height), accompanied by formation of well-developed trabecular bone and vascularization. This approach helps avoid secondary, invasive augmentation procedures. Conclusion: Socket augmentation performed in a single visit simultaneously with tooth extraction ensures optimal preservation of socket volume with virtually no loss after healing. The combined use of a mineral xenogeneic bone graft and BMP results in fully mature, high-quality bone formation. Future perspectives: Larger cohort studies with long-term follow-up are warranted to confirm these results and optimize BMP-graft combinations.