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Email this article Prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition in Tbilisi, Georgia: Clinical and epidemiological study
Abstract
Background: Primary dentition is determinant for future permanent occlusion.
Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal occlusion anomalies and associated risk factors among two research groups: clinically referred group and Tbilisi preschooler group.
Methods: The clinical study was conducted at the Orthodontic centre and included 206 children aged 3-6 years of both gender. 396 children aged 3 to 6 were evaluated in kindergartens of Tbilisi. Multi-stage cluster sampling with preliminary stratification was applied to obtain a representative sample of preschoolers. In each stratum kindergartens were selected using the PPS (Probability Proportional to Size) method. Questionnaires were given to parents to find out general health problems, functional changes and the presence of non-nutritive sucking habits. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.00.
Results: The prevalence of malocclusion among Tbilisi preschoolers was 49.8%, with no significant differences found in genders. This study showed that the prevalence of Class II was 21.2%(±4.091), followed by deep overbite 10.7% (±3.14), cross bite 7% (±2.561), anterior open bite 6.9% and Class III 1.6% (±1.513). Children with breathing problems had Class II in 41.5% and cross bite in 13%. Speech disorder in 46.8% of cases was associated with anterior open bite. Pacifier users had Class II in 22.5%, deep overbite in 12.2% and open bite in 9.2% of cases. There was a high prevalence of anterior open bite (25.2%) in children with a thumb sucking habit (RR=4.90). Clinically tested patients had twice as high prevalence of malocclusions than preschoolers (49.8%) and 87,9 % of the total amount had occlusal problems. The most frequent disorder was Class III (39.1%), followed by cross bite (19.9%), open bite (9.6%), deep overbite (9.3%) and Class II (6.4%). The significance level is 0.05 for all statistical tests.
Conclusions: The results revealed a high prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition in children aged 3-6 years old of Tbilisi, Georgia, especially in sagittal dimension. The malocclusion frequency was higher in clinically referred children. The most frequent malocclusion among Tbilisi preschoolers was Class II, while clinically, the most frequent disorder was Class III. The need for preventive orthodontic therapy is extremely desired and oral health education about malocclusion should be strengthened.
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